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Heavy metal toxicity, ecological risk assessment, and pollution sources in a hydropower reservoir
Herath, Imali Kaushalya; Wu, Shengjun; Ma, Maohua; Ping, Huang
2022-01-12
摘要Heavy metal (HM) toxicity, ecological risk, and pollution sources were analyzed using the pollution indexing and statistical methods in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). The average concentration of HM increased in the order of Cr < Ni < As < Cd < Cu< Mn < Pb < Zn < Al < Fe during the recharge period and Cd < Cr < Ni < As < Cu < Pb < Mn < Zn < Al < Fe during the discharge period. Significant spatial variations of Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Cu were observed at the upstream and downstream sampling sites. Pb sharply increased during the recharge period, ranges (6.93 -148.62 mu g/L) and exceeded WHO and USPEA standards limit. HPI, HEI, Cd, WPI indicated low pollution and moderate pollution with the strong influence of Pb and Cd in the discharge and recharging period, respectively. HTML values are below the permissible toxicity load except for Pb. The Pb toxicity removal percentage is 56.47%, suggesting that the lead's toxicity level is high in TGR and requires the removal process. Ecological risk index values indicated that pollution is low in TGR. The potential ecological risk indexes (RI) of 9.07 and 31.60 were obtained for the discharge and recharge period, respectively, indicating low potential ecological risk from heavy metals in TGR. However, RI values revealed that (Pb, Cd, As Cr Ni, Cu Zn, and Mn) were the most ecological risk HMs in TGR. A significant ecological risk of Pb and Cd distribution was observed across the TGR. Multivariate statistical results found that Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni, As, Cr, Cu mainly originate from industrial wastewater, mining, metals processing, and agricultural runoff. Fe and Al were mainly from bedrock weathering. Pb, Cd, Zn HMs are a threat to the reservoir ecosystem. This study delivered a current status of HM pollution, toxicity, ecological risk, and pollution sources, indicating a vital insight into HM pollution and water security management in the Three Gorges Reservoir.
关键词Heavy metals Ecological risk Toxicity load Pollution indices Source apportion Hydropower reservoir
DOI10.1007/s11356-022-18525-3
发表期刊ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
ISSN0944-1344
页码18
通讯作者Herath, Imali Kaushalya(imalikaushalya@yahoo.com) ; Wu, Shengjun(wsj@cigit.ac.cn)
收录类别SCI
WOS记录号WOS:000741964500005
语种英语