KMS Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, CAS
| Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the largest municipal wastewater treatment plant in Southwest China: Mass balance analysis and consumption back-calculated model | |
Yan, Qing1,2; Gao, Xu3 ; Huang, Lei1; Gan, Xiu-Mei1; Zhang, Yi-Xin1; Chen, You-Peng1,4; Peng, Xu-Ya1; Guo, Jin-Song1,4
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| 2014-03-01 | |
| 摘要 | The occurrence and fate of twenty-one pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) were investigated in different steps of the largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Southwest China. Concentrations of these PhACs were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that 21 target PhACs were present in wastewater and 18 in sludge. The calculated total mass load of PhACs per capita to the influent, the receiving water and sludge were 4.95 mg d(-1) person(-1), 889.94 mu g d(-1) person(-1) and 78.57 mu g d(-1) person(-1), respectively. The overall removal efficiency of the individual PhACs ranged from "negative removal" to almost complete removal. Mass balance analysis revealed that biodegradation is believed to be the predominant removal mechanism, and sorption onto sludge was a relevant removal pathway for quinolone antibiotics, azithromycin and simvastatin, accounting for 9.35-26.96% of the initial loadings. However, the sorption of the other selected PhACs was negligible. The overall pharmaceutical consumption in Chongqing, China, was back-calculated based on influent concentration by considering the pharmacokinetics of PhACs in humans. The back-estimated usage was in good agreement with usage of ofloxacin (agreement ratio: 72.5%). However, the back-estimated usage of PhACs requires further verification. Generally, the average influent mass loads and back-calculated annual per capita consumption of the selected antibiotics were comparable to or higher than those reported in developed countries, while the case of other target PhACs was opposite. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| 关键词 | Pharmaceutically active compound Wastewater Sludge Mass balance analysis Pharmaceutical consumption back-calculated model China |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.062 |
| 发表期刊 | CHEMOSPHERE
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| ISSN | 0045-6535 |
| 卷号 | 99页码:160-170 |
| 通讯作者 | Gao, X (reprint author), Chongqing Water Grp Co Ltd, Chongqing 400015, Peoples R China. |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000332141300019 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
